How to Start a Kubernetes Cluster From Scratch With Kubeadm and Kubectl

Kubernetes has a reputation for complexity but modern releases are relatively straightforward to set up. The official cluster administration tool Kubeadm provides an automated experience for booting your control plane and registering worker nodes.

This article will walk you through setting up a simple Kubernetes cluster using the default configuration. This is a “from scratch” guide which should work on a freshly provisioned host. A Debian-based system is assumed but you can adjust most of the commands to match your operating system’s package manager. These steps have been tested using Ubuntu 22.04 and Kubernetes v1.25.

Installing a Container Runtime

Kubernetes needs a CRI-compatible container runtime to start and run your containers. The standard Kubernetes distribution doesn’t come with a runtime so you should install one before you continue. containerd is the most popular choice. It’s the runtime included with modern Docker releases.

You can install containerd using Docker’s Apt repository. First add some dependencies that’ll be used during the installation procedure:

$ sudo apt update $ sudo apt install -y ca-certificates curl gnupg lsb-release

Next add the repository’s GPG key to Apt’s…

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