The distance that a 12-gauge shotgun slug can travel varies based on several factors, including the type of slug, the barrel length, and environmental conditions. Generally speaking, a 12-gauge shotgun slug can travel between 300 to 1,000 yards, but effective accuracy and lethality decline significantly beyond 100 to 200 yards.
When a shotgun slug is fired, it exits the barrel at high velocity, typically around 1,200 to 1,600 feet per second, depending on the load and configuration. This initial speed contributes to how far the slug can travel. However, air resistance, gravity, and other factors play a significant role in its flight path.
At around 100 yards, a slug retains a significant amount of its energy, making it effective for hunting and self-defense. Beyond this distance, the projectile will begin to lose velocity and energy rapidly, impacting its accuracy and stopping power. By the time it reaches 200 yards, the slug's effectiveness as a lethal round generally decreases, and beyond that range, it becomes less reliable as a projectile.
It's also worth noting that the design of the slug can affect its trajectory. Foster slugs, for instance, are designed for smoothbore barrels and have a different flight characteristic compared to rifled slugs intended for use in rifled barrels.
Safety is paramount when shooting slugs, as their potential range means they can travel considerable distances if not properly controlled. Always adhere to safe shooting practices and be aware of your surroundings and what's beyond your target. This ensures both responsible use and safety for others in the vicinity.