A mouse can usually survive without food for about 2 to 4 days, provided it has access to water. The exact duration can vary, however, depending on the mouse's size, age, overall health, and the environmental conditions.
Small rodents, like mice, have a high metabolic rate, which means they need a constant supply of nutrients to keep their energy up. They consume food frequently throughout the day, typically nibbling on various food items rather than gorging themselves in one sitting. Consequently, their internal energy reserves are generally quite limited-a facet of their biology that dictates they cannot go for long periods without eating.
Mice can employ various survival strategies when food is scarce. One is to lower their metabolic rate and enter a state of torpor. Torpor is a short-term form of hibernation that can help conserve energy when food is limited. However, this strategy is typically used in response to cold temperatures rather than a shortage of food.
When it comes to water, mice need to drink just as often as they eat. Dehydration can set in quicker than starvation, particularly in warm or dry conditions, potentially being fatal within a day or two. If kept hydrated, a mouse might be able to survive longer without food-as long as a week in some cases-but this is not guaranteed and it is generally harmful to the animal's health and well-being.
Mice deprivation experiments carried out under controlled conditions have resulted in death within 3-4 days without food. Pet or laboratory mice may fare slightly better, as their care, including access to water, is well regulated. Wild mice may face added challenges, such as temperature swings and predator stress, that could further reduce their survival duration without food.
It's important to note that intentionally withholding food from pet or lab mice, or any other animal, is considered cruel and unethical. If this is a situation that you're dealing with, make sure the animal has a reliable source of food and water at all times. Pest or vermin situations should be handled in a humane way or preferably by a pest management professional.
In conclusion, while the exact time frame varies, a mouse generally can't survive without food for longer than a few days. Factors such as breed, age, health, and access to water can affect how long a mouse can last without eating, but even in the best times, it typically won't exceed a week.