Leopard geckos, like many reptiles, possess the ability to survive without food longer than many other animals due to their slow metabolism. However, the length of time a leopard gecko can go without eating can greatly depend on its age, size, health status, and the surrounding conditions.
Compared to adult leopard geckos, juveniles rely far more heavily on a consistent diet. Young leopard geckos, which are still growing, will need to eat every day in order to maintain their development and growth. Missing meals for them can lead to health issues such as malnutrition and growth defects.
For adult leopard geckos, they can typically survive without food for about two weeks to a month due to their ability to store fat in their tails. This fat reserve provides them with a source of energy when food is scarce. However, this does not mean it is healthy or recommended to intentionally withhold food from a leopard gecko for this long. Regular feeding schedules are important for their overall health and wellbeing.
During periods of food scarcity, leopard geckos may start to lose weight and their tail thickness may decrease as they use up the fat reserves. Persistent lack of nutrition can lead to health complications such as lethargy, weakened immune system, deficiency diseases, and even organ damage.
Hydration is a different matter: A leopard gecko needs access to clean, fresh water daily. Under no circumstances should a leopard gecko (or any animal, for that matter) be deprived of water for extended periods of time.
In sum, whilst leopard geckos can technically survive without food for up to a month, they should be provided with a regular diet to ensure their optimum health and longevity. If you find that your leopard gecko is refusing to eat, it's critical to determine whether it's a sign of illness or stress and you should consider consulting a herpetology vet or a specialist breeder for advice.