The lifespan of a wasp without food can vary depending on several factors, including the species of wasp, the environmental conditions, and the individual wasp's health. Generally, adult wasps can survive for several days to a week without food. For example, paper wasps and yellowjackets typically can live for about 3 to 5 days without access to food. However, if a wasp is unable to find any food, it may perish sooner, particularly if the weather conditions are unfavorable or if it is stressed.
Wasps feed on sugars, proteins, and other nutrients found in various food sources, including nectar, fruit, and other insects. Their nutritional needs mean that while they can survive short periods without food, they will become weaker over time without sustenance. Additionally, during colder months or when food sources become scarce, wasp populations decrease significantly, as many wasps die off or enter states of dormancy.
If you're dealing with wasps or concerned about their presence, it's helpful to understand that while they can survive for a short while without food, they are often attracted to areas with sweet or protein-rich foods. Keeping food covered and disposing of waste properly can help reduce their attraction to human spaces.