Pigeons are versatile feeders and can thrive on a wide variety of foods. In urban settings, they often scavenge and eat what is available. Their diet typically includes seeds, grains, fruits, and even some human food scraps.
One of their primary food sources is seeds, particularly those from grasses and weeds. They are also fond of grains such as corn, wheat, barley, and oats. Pigeons have a unique feeding mechanism; they do not have teeth, so they pick up seeds and grains with their beaks and then grind them down in their gizzards, which are muscular parts of their stomachs.
In addition to seeds and grains, pigeons will consume fruits and vegetables when they can find them. They enjoy items like berries, grapes, apples, and leafy greens. It's important to note that while they can eat a variety of foods, certain human foods, especially processed ones, should be avoided as they may not be healthy for them. For example, bread is not a suitable staple because it lacks the necessary nutrients that pigeons need.
Water is crucial for pigeons, and they will often seek out freshwater sources to drink. They may also get moisture from the fruits and vegetables they consume, which help keep them hydrated.
In natural or farmed environments, pigeons can also eat insects and small invertebrates, adding protein to their diet. This diversity in diet allows them to adapt well to different habitats and food availability.
Overall, while pigeons can adapt to various food sources, a balanced diet consisting primarily of seeds and grains, complemented by fruits and veggies, is key to their health and well-being.